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Cell respiration is a fundamental metabolic process in IB Biology, providing the energy cells need to carry out essential functions. Through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions, cells break down glucose and other molecules to produce ATP, the universal energy currency of life. ATP powers processes such as active transport, muscle contraction and biosynthesis, making it central to the functioning of every organism. Understanding how aerobic and anaerobic pathways differ, and how ATP is generated and used, is key to explaining how cells manage their energy demands.